Diseases of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

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Title=20 Page =95 Table of=20 Contents =95=20 Search=20

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=20 =

Common Names of Plant = Diseases

Diseases of Potato
(Solanum tuberosum = L.)

D. P. Weingartner and W. = J. Hooker,=20 primary collators, updated by Walter R. Stevenson (last update=20 10/29/01)=20

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial wilt =3D brown rot: Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1996 =; =3D Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith 1896) Smith 1914=20
Blackleg and bacterial soft rot: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum = (van=20 Hall
1902) Hauben et al. 1999; =3D Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (van = Hall=20 1902)
Dye 1969; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum=20 (Jones
1901) Hauben et al. 1999; =3D E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones 1901) = Bergey=20 et
al. 1923; Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al.=20 1953)
Brenner et al. 1973 emend. Hauben et = al.=20 1998; =3D E. chrysanthemi Burkholder et al. 1953=20
Pink eye: Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1895=20
Ring rot: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.=20 sepedonicus
(Spieckermann and = Kotthoff=20 1914) Davis et al. 1984=20; =3D Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spieckermann=20 and
Kotthoff 1914) Skaptason and = Burkholder 1942=20
Common scab: Streptomyces scabiei Lambert and Loria 1989=20; =3D S. scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria; Streptomyces acidiscabies Lambert and Loria 1989; Streptomyces turgidiscabies Miyajima et al. 1998 =

FUNGAL DISEASES

Black dot: Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. J. Hughes=20; =3D C. atramentarium (Berk. & Broome) Taubenhaus=20
Brown spot and Black pit: Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Keissler=20; =3D A. tenuis Ness.=20
Cercospora leaf blotch: Mycovellosiella concors (Casp.) Deighton=20; =3D Cercospora concors (Casp.) Sacc.; Cercospora solani Thiim; C. solani-tuberosi Thirumalachur*=20
Charcoal rot: Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich=20; =3D M. phaseoli (Maubl.); Sclerotium bataticola Taubenhaus=20
Choanephora blight: Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter=20
Common rust: Puccinia pittieriana P. Henn.=20
Deforming rust: Aecidium cantensis Arthur=20
Early blight: Alternaria solani (E&M) Jones & Grout=20
Fusarium dry rot=20: Fusarium spp.; F. sambucinum; Giberella pulicaris (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc.=20 [teleomorph]=20; =3D Fusarium sulphureum Schlechtendahl; F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. var. coeruleum (Lib. ex=20 Sacc.)
C. Booth=20; Other Fusarium spp. include: F. avenaceum = (Fr.) Sacc.=20; F. oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr.; F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc.=20; Less common Fusarium spp. include: F.=20 acuminatum
Ellis & Everh.; F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc.; F. crookwellense
Fusarium wilt: Fusarium spp.; F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.; F. oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr.; F. solani f. sp. eumartii (Carp.) Snyd and Hans.=20
Gangrene: Phoma solanicola f. foveata (Foister) Malcolmson =; P. foveata Foister=20; =3D P. exigua var. foveata (Foister) Boerema =; =3D P. exigua Desm. f. sp. foveata (Foister) = Malcolmson=20 &
Gray; P. exigua Desm. var. exigua (more ubiquitous but=20 weaker
pathogen)=20
Gray mold: Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.=20; Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) = Whetzel=20 [teleomorph]=20
Late blight: Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary=20
Leak: Pythium spp.; Pythium ultimum var. ultimum Trow.=20; =3D P. debaryanum R. Hesse; Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz.; P. deliense Meurs=20
Phoma leaf spot*: Phoma andigena var. andina Turkensteen=20
Pink rot: Phytophthora spp.; P. cryptogea Pethybr. & Lafferty; P. drechsleri Tucker; P. erythroseptica Pethybr.; P. megasperma Drechsler; P. nicotianae van Breda de Haan var. = parasitica=20 (Dastur)
Waterhouse
Pleospora herbarum=20: Pleospora herbarum (Pers. ex Fr.) Rabenh.=20; Stemphylium herbarum E. Simmons = [anamorph]=20
Powdery mildew: Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. ex Merat=20
Powdery scab: Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh. f. sp.=20 subterranea Tomlinson=20
Rhizoctonia canker and black scurf: Rhizoctonia solani K=FChn=20; Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. = Frank)=20 Donk
[teleomorph]=20
Rosellinia black rot*: Rosellinia sp.=20; Dematophora sp. [anamorph]=20
Septoria leaf spot: Septoria lycopersici Speg. var. malagutii = Ciccarone &=20 Boerema=20
Silver scurf: Helminthosporium solani Dur. & Mont.=20
Skin spot: Polyscytalum pustulans (Owen & Wakef.) Ellis=20
Stem rot (southern blight): Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.=20; Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & = Kimbrough=20 [teleomorph]=20
Thecaphora smut: Angiosorus solani (Barrus) Thirum. & O=92Brien=20; =3D Thecaphora solani Barrus=20
Ulocladium blight: Ulocladium atrum Preuss=20
Verticillium wilt: Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthier; V. dahliae Kleb.=20
Wart: Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc.=20
White mold: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

NEMATODES, PARASITIC

Potato cyst, golden nematode: Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Mulvey & Stone =; G. pallida (Stone) Mulvey & Stone=20
Lesion nematode: Pratylenchus spp.; P. brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev & = Schuurmans-Stekhoven; P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven =; Other species include: P. scribneri Steiner; P. neglectus (Rensch,) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven =; P. thornei Sher and Allen; P. crenatus Loof; P. andinus Lordello, Zamith & Boock; P. vulnus Allen and Jensen; P. coffeae Goodey=20
Potato rot nematode: Ditylenchus destructor Thorne=20
Root knot nematode: Meloidogyne spp.; M. hapla Chitwood; M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood; M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood; M. chitwoodi Golden et al.=20
Sting nematode: Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau=20
Stubby-root nematode: Paratrichodorus spp.; Trichodorus spp.

VIRAL and VIROID DISEASES

Alfalfa mosaic virus=20: genus Alfamovirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)=20
Andean potato latent virus*=20: genus Tymovirus, Andean potato latent virus (APLV)=20
Andean potato mottle virus*=20: genus Comovirus, Andean potato mottle virus = (APMV)=20
Arracacha virus B - Oca strain=20: genus Nepovirus, Arracacha virus B Oca strain = (AVB-O)=20
Beet curly top virus=20: genus Curtovirus, Beet curly top virus (BCTV)=20
Cucumber mosaic virus=20: genus Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)=20
Eggplant mottle dwarf virus=20: genus Rhabdovirus, Eggplant mottle dwarf virus (EMDV) =
Potato aucuba mosaic virus=20: genus Potexvirus, Potato aucuba mosaic virus = (PAMV)=20
Potato black ringspot virus=20: genus Nepovirus, Potato black ringspot virus = (PBRSV)=20
Potato deforming mosaic virus=20: genus Geminiviridae Potato deforming mosaic = virus=20 subgroup III, (PDMV)=20
Potato latent virus=20: genus Carlavirus, Potato latent virus (PLV)=20
Potato leafroll virus=20: genus Luteovirus, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) =
Potato mop-top virus=20: genus Furovirus, Potato mop-top virus (PMTV)=20
Potato rugose mosaic=20: genus Potyvirus, Potato virus Y (PVY, strains = O, N and=20 C)=20
Potato stem mottle (spraing of tubers)=20: genus Tobravirus, Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)=20
Potato spindle tuber=20: Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV)=20
Potato yellow dwarf virus=20: genus Nucleorhabdovirus, Potato yellow dwarf virus = (PYDV)=20
Potato yellow mosaic virus=20: genus Geminiviridae, Potato yellow mosaic virus = (PYMV);=20 subgroup III=20
Potato yellow vein virus=20: Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV)=20
Potato yellowing virus=20: genus Alfamovirus, Potato yellowing virus (PYV)=20
Potato virus A=20: genus Potyvirus, Potato virus A (PVA)=20
Potato virus M=20: genus Carlavirus, Potato virus M (PVM)=20
Potato virus S=20: genus Carlavirus, Potato virus S (PVS)=20
Potato virus T*=20: genus Trichovirus, Potato virus T*=20
Potato virus U=20: genus Nepovirus Potato virus U (PVU)=20
Potato virus V=20: genus Potyvirus, Potato virus V (PVV)=20
Potato virus X=20: genus Potexvirus, Potato virus X (PVX)=20
Potato virus Y=20: genus Potyvirus, Potato virus Y (PVY)=20
Solanum apical leaf curling virus: Geminiviridae, Solanum apical leaf curling virus (SALCV) = subgroup III=20
Sowbane mosaic virus=20: genus Sobemovirus, Sowbane mosaic virus (SoMV)=20
Tobacco mosaic virus=20: genus Tobamovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)=20
Tobacco necrosis virus=20: genus Necrovirus, Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV)=20
Tobacco rattle virus=20: genus Tobravirus, Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)=20
Tobacco streak virus=20: genus Ilarvirus, Tobacco streak virus (TSV)=20
Tomato black ring virus=20: genus Nepovirus, Tomato black ring virus = (ToBRV)=20
Tomato mosaic virus=20: genus Tobamovirus, Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)=20
Tomato spotted wilt virus=20: genus Tospovirus, Tomato spotted wilt virus = (TSWV)=20
Tomato yellow mosaic virus=20: genus Geminiviridae, Tomato yellow mosaic virus=20 (ToYMV) subgroup III=20
Wild potato mosaic virus=20: genus Potyvirus, Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) =

PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASES

Aster yellows=20: Aster yellows group of phytoplasmas=20
Witches'-broom=20: Witches=92 broom phytoplasma

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES and DISORDERS

Aerial tubers=20: Phytoplasma infection or anything that constricts the stem,=20 including but not limited to Rhizoctonia canker, heat necrosis, = chemical=20 injury, mechanical injury, wind injury=20
Air polution injury=20: Photochemical oxidants (primarily ozone), sulfur oxides=20
Black heart=20: Oxygen deficiency of internal tuber tissue=20
Blackspot bruise=20: Bruising, pressure contact=20
Elephant hide=20: Roughening of tuber skin due to physiological or = environmental=20 causes=20
Hollow heart=20: Excessively rapid tuber enlargement=20
Internal brown spot =3D heat necrosis=20: Oxygen deficiency of tuber accompanying high soil = temperature=20
Jelly end rot=20: Carbohydrate translocation due to second growth=20
Physiological leaf roll=20: Response to adverse environment=20
Psyllid yellows=20: Toxic saliva of the potato (tomato) psyllid, Paratrioza=20 cockerelli (Sulc)=20
Shatter bruise=20: Mechanical damage to tuber=20
Skinning=20: Mechanical damage to tuber=20
Stem-end browning=20: Exact cause(s) unknown, chemical injury, viruses or other = pathogens.=20

*Indicates the disease isn't known to occur naturally in North=20 America.

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Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.apsnet.org/elements/greendot.gif R0lGODlhAQABAJEAAAAAAP///5nMmf///yH5BAEAAAMALAAAAAABAAEAAAICVAEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAB158.CFCE1B70 Content-Type: text/css; charset="windows-1255" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.apsnet.org/online/common/css/common.css P { MARGIN-TOP: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; = FONT-SIZE: 16px } .list { FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 13px } .link { FONT-FAMILY: verdana; FONT-SIZE: 11px } A:link { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:active { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:visited { COLOR: #3399cc; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:hover { COLOR: #cc9933; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.btm:link { COLOR: #ffffcc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.btm:active { COLOR: #ffffcc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.btm:visited { COLOR: #ffffcc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.btm:hover { COLOR: #ffcc00; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tp:link { COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tp:active { COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tp:visited { COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tp:hover { COLOR: #ffcc00; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .sub { FONT-FAMILY: Georgia; COLOR: #669966; FONT-SIZE: 13px; FONT-WEIGHT: = bold } .head { FONT-FAMILY: Georgia; COLOR: #336633; FONT-SIZE: 16px; FONT-WEIGHT: = bold } .sub2 { FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: #666699; FONT-SIZE: 13px; FONT-WEIGHT: = bold } .ref { TEXT-INDENT: -16px; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; MARGIN-LEFT: 16px; = FONT-SIZE: 16px } DT { FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-SIZE: 10pt } DD { FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; FONT-SIZE: 12pt } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAB158.CFCE1B70 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.apsnet.org/navigation/scroll_text.js // begin absolutely positioned scrollable area object scripts=20 /* Extension developed by David G. Miles (www.z3roadster.net/dreamweaver) Original Scrollable Area code developed by Thomas Brattli=20 To add more shock to your site, visit www.DHTML Shock.com */ function verifyCompatibleBrowser(){=20 this.ver=3Dnavigator.appVersion=20 this.dom=3Ddocument.getElementById?1:0=20 this.ie5=3D(this.ver.indexOf("MSIE 5")>-1 && this.dom)?1:0;=20 this.ie4=3D(document.all && !this.dom)?1:0;=20 this.ns5=3D(this.dom && parseInt(this.ver) >=3D 5) ?1:0;=20 =20 this.ns4=3D(document.layers && !this.dom)?1:0;=20 this.bw=3D(this.ie5 || this.ie4 || this.ns4 || this.ns5)=20 return this=20 }=20 bw=3Dnew verifyCompatibleBrowser()=20 =20 var speed=3D50=20 var loop, timer=20 =20 function ConstructObject(obj,nest){=20 nest=3D(!nest) ? '':'document.'+nest+'.'=20 = this.el=3Dbw.dom?document.getElementById(obj):bw.ie4?document.all[obj]:bw= .ns4?eval(nest+'document.'+obj):0;=20 = this.css=3Dbw.dom?document.getElementById(obj).style:bw.ie4?document.all[= obj].style:bw.ns4?eval(nest+'document.'+obj):0;=20 = this.scrollHeight=3Dbw.ns4?this.css.document.height:this.el.offsetHeight = this.clipHeight=3Dbw.ns4?this.css.clip.height:this.el.offsetHeight=20 this.up=3DMoveAreaUp;this.down=3DMoveAreaDown;=20 this.MoveArea=3DMoveArea; this.x; this.y;=20 this.obj =3D obj + "Object"=20 eval(this.obj + "=3Dthis")=20 return this=20 }=20 function MoveArea(x,y){=20 this.x=3Dx;this.y=3Dy=20 this.css.left=3Dthis.x=20 this.css.top=3Dthis.y=20 }=20 =20 function MoveAreaDown(move){=20 if(this.y>-this.scrollHeight+objContainer.clipHeight){=20 this.MoveArea(0,this.y-move)=20 if(loop) setTimeout(this.obj+".down("+move+")",speed)=20 }=20 }=20 function MoveAreaUp(move){=20 if(this.y<0){=20 this.MoveArea(0,this.y-move)=20 if(loop) setTimeout(this.obj+".up("+move+")",speed)=20 }=20 }=20 =20 function PerformScroll(speed){=20 if(initialised){=20 loop=3Dtrue;=20 if(speed>0) objScroller.down(speed)=20 else objScroller.up(speed)=20 }=20 }=20 =20 function CeaseScroll(){=20 loop=3Dfalse=20 if(timer) clearTimeout(timer)=20 }=20 var initialised;=20 function InitialiseScrollableArea(){=20 objContainer=3Dnew ConstructObject('divContainer')=20 objScroller=3Dnew ConstructObject('divContent','divContainer')=20 objScroller.MoveArea(0,0)=20 objContainer.css.visibility=3D'visible'=20 initialised=3Dtrue;=20 }=20 // end absolutely positioned scrollable area object scripts ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAB158.CFCE1B70 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.apsnet.org/navigation/nav_main.js /* Milonic DHTML Menu 3.x - with alterations =20 TO OPEN MENU ITEM IN NEW WINDOW: (1) Begin link with "http" and the item will open in a new window. Else, use /foldername/filename.ext - See menu.js lines 350 ff. for code. =20 // NEW WINDOW CAUSES PROBLEMS FOR SOME NETSCAPE // SO IS DISCONTINUED ... but I think I know why // Netscape didn't like the code, and I left notes // in menu.js as to how I believe we can open new // windows without any further problems. // lb 12/15/2005 */ menunum=3D0;menus=3Dnew Array();_d=3Ddocument; function addmenu(){menunum++; menus[menunum]=3Dmenu; } // Fade, opacity, dropshadow effect =3D = "Fade(duration=3D0.2);Alpha(style=3D0,opacity=3D95);Shadow(color=3D'#7777= 77', Direction=3D135, Strength=3D5)" // HEIGHT for top of menu var strHref =3D window.location.href if ( strHref =3D=3D "http://apsnetdev/" || = strHref=3D=3D"http://172.16.1.61/") { var topHeight =3D "142" // top page start height 142 } else if ( strHref =3D=3D "http://apsnetdev/top.asp") { var topHeight =3D "142" // top page start height } else if ( strHref =3D=3D "http://www.apsnet.org/") { var topHeight =3D "142" // top page start height } else if ( strHref =3D=3D "http://www.apsnet.org/top.asp") { var topHeight =3D "142" // top page start height } else { var topHeight =3D "93" // sub page } // COLORS: This menu has a variety of color schemas var FirstFold =3D strHref.split("/") if ( FirstFold[3] =3D=3D "education") { var strBgColor =3D "FFFFFF" // ed center=20 var strRollOver =3D "D8F1FD" var strDivider =3D "5FB5E0" var strRollFont =3D "000000" var strBorder =3D "FFFFFF" var topHeight =3D "94" // lower one pixel var imgLogo =3D "apsLogo2_100_ED.gif" // logo w blue line } else if ( FirstFold[3] =3D=3D "mpmi") { var strBgColor =3D "CCCC99" // mpmi /mpmi/top.asp var strRollOver =3D "996600" var strDivider =3D "996600" var strRollFont =3D "FFFFCC" var strBorder =3D "CCCC99" var topHeight =3D "89" // raise menu a few pixels var imgLogo =3D "apsLogo2_100_MPMI.gif" // olive drab logo } else if ( FirstFold[3] =3D=3D "pd") // pd /pd/top.asp { var strBgColor =3D "FFFFCC"=20 var strRollOver =3D "B19B45" var strDivider =3D "cccc98" var strRollFont =3D "FFFFCC" var strBorder =3D "FFFFFF" var topHeight =3D "90" // raise menu a few pixels } else if ( FirstFold[3] =3D=3D "phyto") // phtyo /phyto/top.asp { var strBgColor =3D "FFFFCC"=20 var strRollOver =3D "B19B45" var strDivider =3D "cccc98" var strRollFont =3D "FFFFCC" var strBorder =3D "FFFFFF" var topHeight =3D "89" // raise menu a few pixels } else if ( FirstFold[4] =3D=3D "ppb2") // /members/ppb2/ { var strBgColor =3D "FFFFFF"=20 var strRollOver =3D "D8F1FD" var strDivider =3D "5FB5E0" var strRollFont =3D "000000" var strBorder =3D "FFFFFF" var topHeight =3D "100" // lower one pixel } else if ( FirstFold[4] =3D=3D "centennial") // /members/centennial/ { var strBgColor =3D "FFFFFF"=20 var strRollOver =3D "EBEBEB" var strDivider =3D "ABABAB" var strRollFont =3D "000000" var strBorder =3D "FFFFFF" var topHeight =3D "92" // lower one pixel } else { var strBgColor =3D "FFFFCC" // normal var strRollOver =3D "B19B45" var strDivider =3D "cccc98" var strRollFont =3D "FFFFCC" var strBorder =3D "FFFFFF" } // mac running ie starts x y in cell, not top right of page var version =3D navigator.appVersion; if ((navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")!=3D-1) && = (version.toLowerCase().indexOf("mac")!=3D-1)) { var topHeight =3D "2" } else { // nothing } function dumpmenus() // all at once // a is integer {mt=3D"